subtract

subtract: the first of args less the others. When the first is a time, the rest are seconds and the result is a time.

Use it for a difference, or a time that falls some seconds before another time.

Keys

Key	Type	Default
args	list of Value	required
decimals	integer	none
gen	subtract	required

A Value is a constant or a generator, as What a Generator Is explains. Every kind also accepts null_rate, unique, omit_rate and omit_when, which Generators describes.

Example

left is 100 less a whole number from 1 to 20. An order starts every 60 seconds for 200 seconds, with the seed 42, so three orders start.

YAMLBuilderLow-level

# Subtract: the first value less the others.
# A task `order` starts every 60 seconds, and the run lasts 200 seconds, so three orders
# start.
#
# Run it with: desflow run examples/generators/subtract.yaml

simulation:
  sim_id: Gen
  factor: 0
  random_seed: 42
  logical_start_time: 2026-01-01T00:00:00

egress:
  - {type: Console}

arrivals:
  orders: {dist: constant, value: 60, spawn: order}

tasks:
  order:
    payload:
      left:
        gen: subtract
        args: [100, {gen: integer, bounds: [1, 20]}]

run: {until: 200}

"""Subtract: the first value less the others, builder API.

The builder version of `subtract.yaml`: the same task, written with `Template`, which
gives the payload's generators their place and so their random streams.

Run it with: python examples/generators/subtract_builder.py
"""

import logging
from datetime import datetime, timezone

from desflow import ConsoleEgress, SimulationContext
from desflow.values import Template

UNTIL = 200


def build() -> SimulationContext:
    """Builds the model: an order every 60 seconds."""
    app = SimulationContext(
        sim_id="Gen",
        factor=0,
        random_seed=42,
        logical_start_time=datetime(2026, 1, 1, tzinfo=timezone.utc),
    )
    app.add_egress(ConsoleEgress())
    app.add_arrival("orders", "constant", value=60, spawn="order")
    payload = Template(
        {
            "left": {
                "gen": "subtract",
                "args": [100, {"gen": "integer", "bounds": [1, 20]}],
            }
        },
        name="tasks.order",
    )

    @app.task(name="order")
    def order(task_id):
        """Gives one order."""
        return payload

    return app


if __name__ == "__main__":
    logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format="%(levelname)s %(message)s")
    build().run(until=UNTIL)

"""Subtract: the first value less the others, low-level API.

The low-level version of `subtract.yaml`: plain SimPy on a `DynamicRealtimeEnvironment`,
which publishes each record with `publish_event`. Each draw is made with
`Sampler.generator(<place>)`, the random sequence of the blueprint's generator at that
place, so the draws are the blueprint's. `subtract` takes the others from the first of
its `args`; the second is drawn from the place `args.1` below the generator.

Needs: nothing.
Run it with: python examples/generators/subtract_low_level.py
"""

import itertools
import logging
from datetime import datetime, timezone

from desflow import ConsoleEgress, DynamicRealtimeEnvironment, Sampler

UNTIL = 200
START = datetime(2026, 1, 1, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
ENVIRONMENT = {"logical_start_time": START, "timezone": "UTC"}


def build(env: DynamicRealtimeEnvironment) -> None:
    """Starts the order process on `env`."""
    sampler = Sampler(seed=42)
    taken = sampler.generator("tasks.order.payload.left.args.1")

    def make(number):
        """Draws the payload of order `number`."""
        return {"left": 100 - int(taken.integers(1, 20 + 1))}

    def orders():
        for number in itertools.count(1):
            yield env.timeout(60)
            env.publish_event(
                f"orders-{number}", make(number), task="order", instance=number - 1
            )

    env.process(orders())


def run() -> None:
    """Runs the model unpaced into the console."""
    env = DynamicRealtimeEnvironment(factor=0, **ENVIRONMENT)
    env.setup_egress([ConsoleEgress()])
    build(env)
    try:
        env.run(until=UNTIL)
    finally:
        env.teardown()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format="%(levelname)s %(message)s")
    run()

All three print the same records:

[EVT] {'sim_ts': 60.0, 'timestamp': '...', 'key': 'orders-1', 'task': 'order', 'instance': 0, 'value': {'left': 97}}
[EVT] {'sim_ts': 120.0, 'timestamp': '...', 'key': 'orders-2', 'task': 'order', 'instance': 1, 'value': {'left': 87}}
[EVT] {'sim_ts': 180.0, 'timestamp': '...', 'key': 'orders-3', 'task': 'order', 'instance': 2, 'value': {'left': 85}}

JSON Schema

The schema of Subtract, from desflow schema.

{
  "additionalProperties": false,
  "description": "`subtract`: the first of `args` less the others. When the first is a time,\nthe rest are seconds and the result is a time.",
  "properties": {
    "null_rate": {
      "anyOf": [
        {
          "maximum": 1,
          "minimum": 0,
          "type": "number"
        },
        {
          "type": "null"
        },
        {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/Placeholder"
        }
      ],
      "default": null
    },
    "unique": {
      "default": false,
      "anyOf": [
        {
          "type": "boolean"
        },
        {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/Placeholder"
        }
      ]
    },
    "omit_rate": {
      "anyOf": [
        {
          "maximum": 1,
          "minimum": 0,
          "type": "number"
        },
        {
          "type": "null"
        },
        {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/Placeholder"
        }
      ],
      "default": null
    },
    "omit_when": {
      "anyOf": [
        {
          "type": "string"
        },
        {
          "type": "null"
        }
      ],
      "default": null
    },
    "args": {
      "items": {
        "$ref": "#/$defs/Value"
      },
      "minItems": 2,
      "type": "array"
    },
    "decimals": {
      "anyOf": [
        {
          "minimum": 0,
          "type": "integer"
        },
        {
          "type": "null"
        },
        {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/Placeholder"
        }
      ],
      "default": null
    },
    "gen": {
      "anyOf": [
        {
          "const": "subtract",
          "type": "string"
        },
        {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/Placeholder"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "required": [
    "args",
    "gen"
  ],
  "title": "Subtract",
  "type": "object"
}